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Drainage part 3

 


Tip: - River courses are important and hard to learn at the same time. An effortless way to learn courses is to open a map representing the river course while you read the river course and absorb it. Note keywords related to the course. Always close your eyes and imagine the map before answering to the questions related to course of that particular river.

For tributaries you can make acronyms according to your comfort.       

The Peninsular Drainage System

Main features:-

ü The peninsular drainage system is older than that of Himalayas since the peninsular rivers have graded profiles and have almost reached their base levels.

ü The Western Ghats running close to the western coast act as water divide between the large rivers draining into Bay of Bengal and the small rivulets joining the Arabian Sea.

ü Most of the peninsular rivers flow from west to east; however Narmada and Tapi are exceptions.

ü  The peninsular rivers lack the tendency to meander and so have fixed courses. They don’t even have perennial flow of water. Narmada and Tapi are exceptions in this case too.

You can remember peninsular rivers with the trick- Mahatma Gandhi Krishna Puja Karne NainiTaLaye.

 Mahatma- Mahanadi

Gandhi- Godavari

Krishna Pooja - Krishna

Karne- Kaveri

Naini- Narmada

Ta- Tapi

Laye- Luni



The Mahanadi:-

It rises near Sihawa in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh and turns to Odisha to discharge its water in Bay of Bengal. It is 851 km long and spread over catchment area of 1.42 lakh sq km. It flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.

The Godavari:-

It is the largest river system of peninsula and that is why is also known as Dakshin Ganga. It rises in Nasik district of Maharashtra discharges its water into Bay of Bengal. It is 1465 km long and spreads through a catchment area of 3.13 lakh sq km. It flows through the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh. Main tributaries are Penganga, Indravati, Pranhita and Manjra.

Specialty: - Godavari brings heavy floods in its lower reaches and forms picturesque gorge. It splits into many branches after reaching Rajmundri and forms a large delta.

The Krishna:-

It is the second largest east flowing peninsular river. It rises near Mahabaleshwar in Sahyadri. Its total length is 1401 km. It flows through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Major tributaries are- Koyna, Tungbhadra and Bhima.

The Kaveri:-

The Kaveri rises in the brahmagiri hills in the Kodugu district of Karnataka. Its length is 800 km and drains an area of 81155 sq. Km. It flows through the states of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Major tributaries are Kabini, Bhavani and Amravati.

Specialty: -  Kaveri is has decent flow for large part of the year as compared to other peninsular rivers since it receives water in upper catchment during advancing monsoon and in lower part during retreating monsoon.

The Narmada:-

The Narmada originates from Amarkantak plateau. After flowing a distance of 1312 km, it meets Arabian Sea forming a 27km long Eastury (refer to part one of Drainage for knowing what an Eastury is). It drains an area of 98796 sq. Km. The Sardar Sarovar dam is built on this river.

Specialty:-  It flows between a rift valley between the Satpura in the south and Vindhya in the north , it forms picturesque gorge in marble rocks and Dhuandhar waterfall near Jabalpur.  

The Tapi:-

The Tapi originates from Multani in Betul district of Madhya Pradesh and flows westward. It is 724 km long and drains an area of 65145 sq. Km. It flows through the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.

The Luni:-

Luni is the largest river system in Rajasthan, west of Aravalis. It originates in two branches- Saraswati and the Sabarmati which meet at Govindgarh. From here it comes out of Aravalis and is known as Luni. It also flows through Rann of Kuchchh.       



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Location: Amritsar, Punjab, India

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